1.A knowledge of grammar is essential for good speaking and writing, by which one's mind is judged. Studying grammar means hard work : it must be learned as a whole, with no part omitted, and it demands much thought and patience. But, once acquired, it can give a lifetime's pleasure and profit.

Its study requires no physical hardship, no special room or expenses. If people spent only their leisure time studying grammar they could master it in one year. The author learned it in less than a year. As a private soldier earning sixpence a day, he sat on his bed and studied. Unable to afford candle or oil, he read in winter by firelight (when it was his turn). If he could manage it thus, and with no outside encouragement, then any youth, however poor or busy, could do the same.

Questions. Why should we learn grammar?

2.A knowledge of grammar is essential for good speaking and writing, by which one's mind is judged. Studying grammar means hard work : it must be learned as a whole, with no part omitted, and it demands much thought and patience. But, once acquired, it can give a lifetime's pleasure and profit.

Its study requires no physical hardship, no special room or expenses. If people spent only their leisure time studying grammar they could master it in one year. The author learned it in less than a year. As a private soldier earning sixpence a day, he sat on his bed and studied. Unable to afford candle or oil, he read in winter by firelight (when it was his turn). If he could manage it thus, and with no outside encouragement, then any youth, however poor or busy, could do the same.

Question : How does the world judge a man's mind?

4.A knowledge of grammar is essential for good speaking and writing, by which one's mind is judged. Studying grammar means hard work : it must be learned as a whole, with no part omitted, and it demands much thought and patience. But, once acquired, it can give a lifetime's pleasure and profit.

Its study requires no physical hardship, no special room or expenses. If people spent only their leisure time studying grammar they could master it in one year. The author learned it in less than a year. As a private soldier earning sixpence a day, he sat on his bed and studied. Unable to afford candle or oil, he read in winter by firelight (when it was his turn). If he could manage it thus, and with no outside encouragement, then any youth, however poor or busy, could do the same.

What is the occupation of the writer?

5.A knowledge of grammar is essential for good speaking and writing, by which one's mind is judged. Studying grammar means hard work : it must be learned as a whole, with no part omitted, and it demands much thought and patience. But, once acquired, it can give a lifetime's pleasure and profit.

Its study requires no physical hardship, no special room or expenses. If people spent only their leisure time studying grammar they could master it in one year. The author learned it in less than a year. As a private soldier earning sixpence a day, he sat on his bed and studied. Unable to afford candle or oil, he read in winter by firelight (when it was his turn). If he could manage it thus, and with no outside encouragement, then any youth, however poor or busy, could do the same.

Questions. The learning of grammar should be

6.Every profession or trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.

Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now uses these in his own vocabulary. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become familiar to cultivated persons.

Question:It is true that

7.Every profession or trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.

Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now uses these in his own vocabulary. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become familiar to cultivated persons.

Question:This passage is primarily concerned with

8.Every profession or trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.

Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now uses these in his own vocabulary. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become familiar to cultivated persons.

The writer of this article is

9.Every profession or trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.

Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now uses these in his own vocabulary. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become familiar to cultivated persons.

Question: Special words used in technical discussion

10.My worries were increasing. The boy at the shop was becoming more clamorous. My sales were poor, as the railways were admitting more pedlars on the platforms. My cash receipts were going down and my credit sales alone The wholesale merchants who supplied me with goods stopped credit to me. The boy's method of account-keeping was so chaotic that I did not know whether I was moving forward or backward. He produced cash from the counter in a haphazard manner, and there were immense gaps on the shelves all over the shop. The complaint by the public was that nothing one wanted was ever available. Suddenly the railways gave me notice to quit. I pleaded with the old station master and porter, but they could do nothing; the order had come from high up. The shop was given to a new contractor.

I could not contemplate the prospect of being cut off from the railways. I grew desperate and angry. I shed tears at seeing a new man in the place where I and my father had sat. I slapped the boy on the cheek and he cried, and his father, the porter, came down on me and said, 'this is what he gets for helping you! I'd always told the boy – He was not your paid servant, anyway?

Question:Why does the speaker say that his sales were poor?

11.My worries were increasing. The boy at the shop was becoming more clamorous. My sales were poor, as the railways were admitting more pedlars on the platforms. My cash receipts were going down and my credit sales alone The wholesale merchants who supplied me with goods stopped credit to me. The boy's method of account-keeping was so chaotic that I did not know whether I was moving forward or He produced cash from the counter in a haphazard manner, and there were immense gaps on the shelves all over the shop. The complaint by the public was that nothing one wanted was ever available. Suddenly the railways gave me notice to quit. I pleaded with the old station master and porter, but they could do nothing; the order had come from high up. The shop was given to a new contractor.

I could not contemplate the prospect of being cut off from the railways. I grew desperate and angry. I shed tears at seeing a new man in the place where I and my father had sat. I slapped the boy on the cheek and he cried, and his father, the porter, came down on me and said, 'this is what he gets for helping you! I'd always told the boy – He was not your paid servant, anyway?

Question:How did the boy's method of account-keeping affect the speaker?

12.My worries were increasing. The boy at the shop was becoming more clamorous. My sales were poor, as the railways were admitting more pedlars on the platforms. My cash receipts were going down and my credit sales alone The wholesale merchants who supplied me with goods stopped credit to me. The boy's method of account-keeping was so chaotic that I did not know whether I was moving forward or He produced cash from the counter in a haphazard manner, and there were immense gaps on the shelves all over the shop. The complaint by the public was that nothing one wanted was ever available. Suddenly the railways gave me notice to quit. I pleaded with the old station master and porter, but they could do nothing; the order had come from high up. The shop was given to a new contractor.

I could not contemplate the prospect of being cut off from the railways. I grew desperate and angry. I shed tears at seeing a new man in the place where I and my father had sat. I slapped the boy on the cheek and he cried, and his father, the porter, came down on me and said, 'this is what he gets for helping you! I'd always told the boy – He was not your paid servant, anyway?

Why did the public complain?

13.My worries were increasing. The boy at the shop was becoming more clamorous. My sales were poor, as the railways were admitting more pedlars on the platforms. My cash receipts were going down and my credit sales alone The wholesale merchants who supplied me with goods stopped credit to me. The boy's method of account-keeping was so chaotic that I did not know whether I was moving forward or He produced cash from the counter in a haphazard manner, and there were immense gaps on the shelves all over the shop. The complaint by the public was that nothing one wanted was ever available. Suddenly the railways gave me notice to quit. I pleaded with the old station master and porter, but they could do nothing; the order had come from high up. The shop was given to a new contractor.

I could not contemplate the prospect of being cut off from the railways. I grew desperate and angry. I shed tears at seeing a new man in the place where I and my father had sat. I slapped the boy on the cheek and he cried, and his father, the porter, came down on me and said, 'this is what he gets for helping you! I'd always told the boy – He was not your paid servant, anyway?

Question:Where did the order to quit come from?

14.My worries were increasing. The boy at the shop was becoming more clamorous. My sales were poor, as the railways were admitting more pedlars on the platforms. My cash receipts were going down and my credit sales alone flourished. The wholesale merchants who supplied me with goods stopped credit to me. The boy's method of account-keeping was so chaotic that I did not know whether I was moving forward or backward. He produced cash from the counter in a haphazard manner, and there were immense gaps on the shelves all over the shop. The complaint by the public was that nothing one wanted was ever available. Suddenly the railways gave me notice to quit. I pleaded with the old station master and porter, but they could do nothing; the order had come from high up. The shop was given to a new contractor.

I could not contemplate the prospect of being cut off from the railways. I grew desperate and angry. I shed tears at seeing a new man in the place where I and my father had sat. I slapped the boy on the cheek and he cried, and his father, the porter, came down on me and said, 'this is what he gets for helping you! I'd always told the boy – He was not your paid servant, anyway?

Question:Why did the speaker shed tears?

15.Even the majority of elders turn their homes into hives of worry as they have too little to do in too much time. Those who have retired thus find retirement tiresome when hobbies, instead, could have turned it into a period of creativity and contentment.

This common problem of inability to utilise leisure pleasurably and profitably is not restricted to Indians. In fact, Japanese are the worse sufferers. Their weekends, rather than increase their enjoyment of life, have wreaked havoc on their health and happiness. Unable to while away the long, unstructured hours, many of them have become addicts to coffee or hard liquor, and have even taken to gambling.

How has this social malady come about? Ironically, the syllabus-loaded education system is the main culprit. It places a heavy work-load on children and youth, laying emphasis as it does on memory rather than intelligence.

Question:Why do a majority of retired elders find retirement tiresome?

16.Even the majority of elders turn their homes into hives of worry as they have too little to do in too much time. Those who have retired thus find retirement tiresome when hobbies, instead, could have turned it into a period of creativity and contentment.

This common problem of inability to utilise leisure pleasurably and profitably is not restricted to Indians. In fact, Japanese are the worse sufferers. Their weekends, rather than increase their enjoyment of life, have wreaked havoc on their health and happiness. Unable to while away the long, unstructured hours, many of them have become addicts to coffee or hard liquor, and have even taken to gambling.

How has this social malady come about? Ironically, the syllabus-loaded education system is the main culprit. It places a heavy work-load on children and youth, laying emphasis as it does on memory rather than intelligence.

Question:How have the Japanese benefitted from their weekends?

17.Even the majority of elders turn their homes into hives of worry as they have too little to do in too much time. Those who have retired thus find retirement tiresome when hobbies, instead, could have turned it into a period of creativity and contentment.

This common problem of inability to utilise leisure pleasurably and profitably is not restricted to Indians. In fact, Japanese are the worse sufferers. Their weekends, rather than increase their enjoyment of life, have wreaked havoc on their health and happiness. Unable to while away the long, unstructured hours, many of them have become addicts to coffee or hard liquor, and have even taken to gambling.

How has this social malady come about? Ironically, the syllabus-loaded education system is the main culprit. It places a heavy work-load on children and youth, laying emphasis as it does on memory rather than intelligence.

Question:The syllabus-loaded education system

18.Even the majority of elders turn their homes into hives of worry as they have too little to do in too much time. Those who have retired thus find retirement tiresome when hobbies, instead, could have turned it into a period of creativity and contentment.

This common problem of inability to utilise leisure pleasurably and profitably is not restricted to Indians. In fact, Japanese are the worse sufferers. Their weekends, rather than increase their enjoyment of life, have wreaked havoc on their health and happiness. Unable to while away the long, unstructured hours, many of them have become addicts to coffee or hard liquor, and have even taken to gambling.

How has this social malady come about? Ironically, the syllabus-loaded education system is the main culprit. It places a heavy work-load on children and youth, laying emphasis as it does on memory rather than intelligence.

Questions. The author thinks that

19.Even the majority of elders turn their homes into hives of worry as they have too little to do in too much time. Those who have retired thus find retirement tiresome when hobbies, instead, could have turned it into a period of creativity and contentment.

This common problem of inability to utilise leisure pleasurably and profitably is not restricted to Indians. In fact, Japanese are the worse sufferers. Their weekends, rather than increase their enjoyment of life, have wreaked havoc on their health and happiness. Unable to while away the long, unstructured hours, many of them have become addicts to coffee or hard liquor, and have even taken to gambling.

How has this social malady come about? Ironically, the syllabus-loaded education system is the main culprit. It places a heavy work-load on children and youth, laying emphasis as it does on memory rather than intelligence.

Question:The passage tells us that